The solar controller is called the solar charge and discharge controller, which is used in the solar power generation system to control the multi-channel solar cell square array to charge the battery and the automatic control device for the battery to power the solar inverter load. The role of the solar controller is to regulate the power delivered by the panel to the battery. The working model of the PWM solar controller is the PWM control method, which can solve the problem of battery dissatisfaction, and the charging conversion efficiency is 75 to 80%. Almost all solar power systems that use battery power supply require a solar charge and discharge controller. The solar control system consists of solar panels, batteries, controllers, and loads.
The solar controller is designed to do two things in the solar system: optimize the solar panel to charge the deep cycle battery, and prevent electricity from the battery from passing through the solar panel when there is no sunlight. The solar controller is used to protect the charge and discharge of the battery in the off-grid photovoltaic solar system, which can greatly extend the service life of the battery and is indispensable for the photovoltaic system. The solar controller is specified by amperage and voltage. You will need a solar controller that can support the voltage of the solar panel array and then output the voltage to the battery pack. Next, you will want to ensure that the solar controller has enough capacity to handle the current from the solar panel array. Take the wattage of the solar panel, and then divide it by the voltage of the battery pack, you can roughly estimate how much ampere the controller needs.
The solar controller is used to control the photovoltaic panel to charge the battery and provide load control voltage for voltage-sensitive equipment. It regulates and controls the charging and discharging conditions of the battery, and controls the power output of the solar cell components and the battery to the load according to the power requirements of the load. It is the core control part of the entire photovoltaic power supply system.
The solar controller uses a high-speed CPU microprocessor and high-precision A/D analog-to-digital converter. It is a microcomputer data acquisition and monitoring control system. The current working status of the photovoltaic system can be quickly collected in real-time, the working information of the PV station can be obtained at any time, and the historical data of the PV station can be accumulated in detail, which provides an accurate and sufficient basis for evaluating the rationality of the PV system design and the reliability of the quality of the inspection system components. The solar controller also has a serial communication data transmission function, which can centrally manage and remotely control multiple photovoltaic system substations.
The charging mode of the PWM solar controller has three stages: strong charging, balanced charging, and floating charging.
1. Strong charge
Strong charging means rapid charging. When the battery voltage is low, the battery will be charged with a large current and voltage. However, there is a maintenance point (overcharge protection). When the battery terminal voltage is higher than this maintenance value during charging, direct charging should be stopped.
2. Balanced charge
After the strong charge is over, the battery is generally left to stand for some time to allow the voltage to fall naturally, and then enter the balanced charge. When the direct charging is completed, there may be a relatively low voltage at the single battery terminal. To make all the battery terminals voltage consistent, it is also called "balanced charging".
3. Floating
After the equalization charge is completed, the battery will still be left for a while to allow its terminal voltage to naturally fall. When it drops to the "maintenance voltage" point, it will enter a floating charge state. The PWM (pulse width modulation) charging method is similar to "Trickle charging" when the battery voltage is low, charge a little bit, one by one, to avoid the battery temperature continues to rise, after adjusting the pulse width to reduce the battery charging current, so that the battery life is longer.
Before using the PWM solar controller, it is required to complete the following work in the software:
Set the period of the on-chip timer/counter that provides the modulated square wave, set the on-time in the PWM control register, and set the direction of the PWM output. This output is a general-purpose I/O pin that starts the timer and completes the above operations. PW solar controller can be used.
It can automatically identify the system voltage, and the load is started in an advanced way, which can start a large capacitive load. There are a variety of charging procedures (sealed, colloid, open lead-acid battery, lithium battery), using temperature compensation, automatic adjustment of charging parameters, built-in temperature sensor, with high-precision temperature compensation.
Change the battery's charge according to the battery's charge level to achieve battery-level multi-level charging and make the battery healthier.
When there is no solar panel power supply, reverse current protection is performed to prevent the solar panel from exhausting the battery power.
When the battery is low, the connected load is turned off, automatically disconnected, and turned on again after the battery is charged.
Turn on and off additional lights according to dusk and dawn. Many controllers are equipped with a lighting function that allows setting for a few hours or overnight, or some time in between.
Provides a wealth of parameter setting and saving functions, without repeated setting. It can display the voltage of the battery pack, the state of charge, and the amperage from the solar panel.
If you plan to run a DC load, you can connect it directly to the solar controller. If the solar controller is equipped with a low-voltage isolation switch (LVD), the solar controller can detect a low battery condition and turn off the DC load until the battery is charged.
A solar charge controller is needed to generate automatic voltage and current to assist in charging batteries. It can also be used to control your power consumption from a solar panel or battery charger. Different companies offer different variants on these devices.
The PWM solar charge controller is the most common choice for the automatic solar charge controller. The device provides precise control over solar panels. However, the device consumes a lot of energy and can only be used when the sun is active.
Other manufacturers have offered accessories such as the solar charger plus to the dual USB charge ports. One example of these accessories is the solar charger with battery detection. The gadget can recognize when the battery in the battery charger has fully charged or not. When the detected signal exceeds a certain threshold, it will turn on the automatic solar charge controller.
The controller senses when the battery has reached 100 percent of its charge or reaches a full discharge. A battery charger with battery detection and the automatic solar charge controller helps keep the battery charged or discharged. This helps in saving electricity.
It is always important to choose a company that has a warranty for its solar charge controllers. If the company does not offer a warranty or guarantees, the product may not work properly. A company with customer service and support is better than one that offers services on a free trial basis.
The solar charge controller should be user-friendly. The solar charge controller needs to allow the user to program and configure the device easily. It should also allow the user to switch off the solar panel in the event of a power outage. The solar charge controller should allow the user to set a timeout in case of a power outage.
Some users will have difficulty programming the solar charge controller. Some devices require certain programming techniques and some may require the user to have basic knowledge about the hardware and software program. The automatic solar charge controller should be capable of recognizing some type of programming language.
To save money, it is best to find a company that provides dual USB port charge controllers. SCIENTEK ELECTRICAL provides such a solar controller with a dual USB interface and an LCD(PWM Solar charge controller LS series with LCD and dual USB charge ports: It is mainly used to protect the battery and prevent the overcharge of the battery by the solar panel and the excessive discharge of the battery by the load. The intelligent charge and discharge control process can effectively extend the service life of the battery and improve system performance.). The dual USB charge controller is available in different forms such as wall-mountable, portable, and wall-mounted. This device may also have solar charge controllers in its dual USB charge port form.
Therefore, it is important to determine the form of the solar charge controller before you buy it. The PWM solar charge controller is not recommended for use with laptops or cell phones.
The solar charge controller, with its twin-port USB power and convenience, is getting popular in the market. It is a solar charger that can be used with cell phones or any device that has USB ports.
The first thing you should look for when looking for a solar charge controller is its energy output. The output of the solar panel usually varies from panel to panel. It also depends on the energy factor of the panel.
The power of solar power can increase when the sunlight is strong and constant. If the sunlight is weak, the power will decrease. The solar panels are adjusted by the cells of an electric circuit that stores energy.
The cells can produce an electric current when there are sufficient light and voltage. The solar charge controller automatically adjusts the amount of energy to be stored in the solar panel. Usually, a three to four percent drop in the power can be observed.
The main function of the solar charge controller is to adjust the power of solar power. This device is of great help for users who want to improve their battery life. The solar charge controller for cell phones provides high energy output.
The automatic solar charge controller for the MPPT is user-friendly and easily operated. The result of the automatic adjustment of energy input is maximum efficiency in converting solar energy into usable electricity. The solar charge controller functions smoothly even when there is a lot of heat generated by electronic devices（MPPT solar controller: PWM and MPPT charge controller）.
The manual override function of the MMPT solar charge controller makes it easy to operate. Manual override function can be accessed when the power button is depressed and the switch is turned on. The manual override function prevents electricity from the solar power generator from damaging the panel. The solar charge controller for cell phones can be used on phones that have dual USB ports.
The automatic dual USB charger port solar charge controller for cell phones enables the users to enjoy the convenience of an inexpensive phone charger at the same time it offers more security than other chargers. The MMPT solar charge controller for cell phones contains two USB charging ports that allow the device to be charged even if it is not connected to a battery. A USB port is often used for an iPod, mobile phone, or external hard disk drive.
The dual USB charger ports enable the user to use the dual USB ports to recharge the cell phone battery while leaving the device connected to the USB port. The device can be charged wirelessly using the dual USB port.
The dual USB charger port solar charge controller for cell phones is a convenient way to enjoy the benefits of a powerful and efficient dual USB charger. A single solar panel can charge several devices using the dual USB port.
The dual USB charge port solar charge controller for cell phones is used to charge two cell phones at the same time. It is especially suitable for laptop users who have a second laptop and want to use their cell phones simultaneously. The dual USB charge port solar charge controller for cell phones can provide the energy needed for both laptops and cell phones.
The dual USB charge port solar charge controller for cell phones is a very good choice for users who want to save money and resources. Also, the solar charge controller reduces the amount of electricity needed for charging devices. Therefore, it is a cost-effective way to reduce electricity bills.